The book is a collection of sayings, aphorism, and thoughts that will help stretch your brain. It is an easy read with only 128 pages, great for reading on a train or plane. In case you are wondering who Procrustes is, I’d rather not tell you to avoid ruining the concept of the book for you.

Taleb fans should find The Bed of Procrustes: Philosophical and Practical Aphorisms an interesting read.

Back in October last year, I announced the purchase of Aqua America (WTR:US), a water and wastewater services company that has over 3 million customers across 14 states.  At the time, I was pretty pleased with my purchase. Why?

o Aqua America provides what everyone needs; clean, safe, reliable water.
o Theyve been a dividend payer since 1939.
o Theyve paid quarterly dividends consecutively for more than 60 years.
o Their five year average dividend growth rate is over 8%.

With a market cap of about $3 billion they are not a small company and they have lots of room to grow through both acquisitions and service diversification.

So why did I sell them with mostly upside to be had?

Although I consider Aqua America a good company with long-term growth prospects, I recently found out that Aqua America is not eligible for any dividend reinvestment plan with my discount brokerage institution. This is in contrast to what Aqua America offers with their transfer agent Computershare in the U.S. Here are some highlights from their website:

o Aqua America, Inc. has a Dividend Reinvestment and Direct Stock Purchase Plan (the “Plan”) that offers investors a convenient and economical way to purchase shares of the Company’s Common Stock.
o Computershare Shareholder Services, Incwill administer the Plan and act as Agent for the participants.
o As a shareholder, you can buy additional shares of our common stock at any time for as little as $50. You can pay by check or by a one-time online bank debit through the Buy Stock Direct option noted above, or have your payment automatically withdrawn from your U.S. bank account.

While DRIPping Aqua America through Computershare has its merits, I do not want to go through the hassle of setting up a U.S. bank account or always commit to a minimum $50 cheque to purchase more WTR:US shares. Unfortunately when I made my Aqua America purchase in October I assumed because they offered a full DRIP via their transfer agent they would offer a synthetic DRIP with my discount brokerage institution. This was not the case. This was alarmingly clear when dividends were paid to me in December in cash.  

My lesson learned?

Before I make another U.S. stock purchase, Ill check with my discount brokerage institution to ensure the stock is synthetically DRIP eligible. Not all U.S. companies who offer DRIPs with their transfer agents offer these plans synthetically with brokerages. Im not sure why WTR:US Board of Directors made this decision (maybe they want to keep more control over the companys shares?) but it was an annoying revelation for me.

Sure, I could have kept Aqua America shares and not had the dividends reinvested but I think that goes against my strategy as a dividend investor. For every stock I own, I want to have enough shares of any company to DRIP at least one full share every quarter. I can do that for almost every stock in my portfolio, except for a couple Canadian stocks. 

o My DRIPs will provide me with dollar-cost averaging.
o My DRIPs take the emotions out of my investing.
o My DRIPs will not cost me anything to buy more shares.
o My DRIPs will take advantage of the magic of compounding.
o My DRIPs help me set and forget part of my retirement plan.

 
What can I say? I made another investing mistake and Ill probably make more.  How about you? Any investing mistakes you care to share?

My Own Advisor

Unlike a Larry King interview, I wanted my chat with Derek Foster to be real, not staged.   Sorry Larry.

I’d like to say Derek shared many personal experiences with me over the phone a few weeks back but I’m not that naive.  Derek has shared his investment experiences (and some failures too) in many National Bestselling Books:

• Stop Working: Here’s How You Can!
• The Lazy Investor: Start with $50 and no Investment Knowledge
• Money for Nothing: And You Stocks for FREE
• Stop Working Too: You Still Can!  AND
• *The Idoit Millionaire (*Latest book, Fall 2010)

However, I think you’ll find a few nuggets from Derek that his books don’t cover by reading Part 2 below.  Even CTV missed some of the goodies I was able to get from Derek.  Now that I’ve got you curious about this TV interview, a link will follow.  Onto Part 2; more from Derek Foster, millionaire dividend investor and early retiree from the rat race…

* * * * * * * * *
My Own Advisor: Thanks again for the interview Derek.  It’s great to finally chat with you.  Ready for the long list of questions?

Derek:   Ready Mark.

My Own Advisor:  We talked before about your investment strategy, you’re still a dividend investor.  I’m curious to know what your portfolio allocation looks like?  I mean, do you have any bond component?

Derek:  Im 100% stocks, both Canadian and U.S. dividend-paying stocks. I have no bond component. Not that I think bonds are bad, simply, Im a forty year old Derek Foster and I dont see why I need bonds right now with my multiple income sources. The empirical evidence is overwhelming about how stocks beat bonds over the long-run, Im talking 20 or 30 years. Im working on growing my dividend portfolio over the next 30-some years so this is why I dont personally follow any conventional bond allocation protocol. Ask the seventy-five year old Derek Foster and hell probably give you a different answer about his bond allocation. Im just not there yet.

My Own Advisor:  Whats your take on index investing?

Derek:  I think index investing is very safe way to go. The problem I have with index investing personally (and maybe you can help me on this since I read your blog, you own some ETFs dont you?) is the cap weighting associated with some index funds or index ETFs. At one time, Nortel and JDS made up something like 30% or more of the TSX, thats major over-representation if you ask me.

My Own Advisor Yes, but you can invest in index funds or an index ETF like XIC whereby each constituent of the fund is capped at 10%, avoiding the overemphasis.

Derek – True, I know about those products but you are still overweighted in the hot sectors. But let me ask you this. Do you think your dividend-payers with your dividends reinvested, compounding over time, dividend increases plus stock price growth, stock splits, etc. will do better in the long-run than those capped index products or worse?

My Own Advisor I think my index ETFs will never hit the proverbial home run but I also know Im always going get market returns, on the equity side of between five to seven percent over time. Thats good. If my dividends get reinvested, dividends increase over time and I hold my dividend-paying stocks long enough I should get at least that. Thats provided I own the right companies though.

Derek – Thats precisely my point. Investors can. Not to discredit index investing, I think its a good strategy. I think its good for those who dont have or want to take any time to analyze stocks, but I like my strategy. Its worked out pretty well for me so far.

My Own Advisor:  Tell me your top three all-time favourite investing or personal finance books.

Derek:  Good question, wow, there are so many. Can I tell you my three favourite authors?

OK, well I love the Peter Lynch ones, his One Up on Wall Street and Beating the Street two of my all-time favourites and he pretty much covers everything in those books.

I also really liked The Future for Investors by Jeremy Siegel (who also wrote Stocks for the Long Run). I mean he says so many great things that just make sense and he backs it up with loads of empirical data. Have you read it?

My Own Advisor Uh, no.

Derek You should. I think its a must.  I guess the last one would be The Warren Buffet Way. What else can I say? Hes the greatest investor of them all.

My Own Advisor:  Have you learned more about investing from your successes or failures and why?

Derek:  Thats a good question.  For me, failures because I think I question myself so much more. As an investor you can take failure as an opportunity to reflect on what didnt work and what could be better next time. I think sometimes many investors are blinded by their success because they fail to recognize the degree that luck was involved with their result. That mindset can have painful consequences.

This interview was originally published on December 17, 2010 at thekirkreport.com

Charles Kirk: It is with tremendous pleasure that I offer my last interview of 2010 with Mark Minervini.

As with many traders I interview, Mark requires no introduction as he is one of the most highly-respected independent traders of our generation. His blog in recent years has instantly become one of the must reads out there as he often shares market commentary and analysis which shows why the respect so many have for Mark is so well-deserved.

Moreover, his experience and past history of savvy market calls is legendary. It is with little doubt that we can all learn a lot from him! We hope you enjoy and find this focus interview helpful in your own journey toward more success in the markets.

Kirk: Hi, Mark. First of all, thank you for taking the time to answer our questions. I speak for many members who have a great deal of respect for you and we sincerely welcome you to this interview series.

Mark Minervini: You do a great job, Charles, and Im honored to be a part of it.

Kirk: Please tell us a little bit about how you got interested and started in trading.

Mark Minervini: I dropped out of school in the eighth grade in pursuit of a career as a drummer. From the money I made working as musician, I bought my first stock in 1983, which was a few hundred shares of Allis Chalmer. Shortly after, I read Richard Loves book, Superperformance Stocks: An Investment Strategy for the Individual Investor Based on the 4-Year Political Cycle. Everything Ive created with regard to my trading approach since stems from Loves initial impression on me, specifically from his writings in chapter 7.

Kirk: What was one of the most important lessons you learned early on?

Mark Minervini: That no one was going to do it for me; no one was going to make me rich except me. I learned that you must take responsibility for your results in the market and in life if you want to be exceptional. Secondly, I learned that in order to do well in the market you must be consistent; consistency is what separates the pro form the amateur. In order to have consistent success, risk must be managed in relation to potential reward as standard operating procedure. Youre not going to make just one trade, rather hundreds or even thousands of trades; its all about how much you make on average versus how much you lose on average over time. Lastly, I realized that I simply had to get to the bottom of what actually worked in the marketplace and ignore all the opinions and theories.

Kirk: Was there anyone out there who helped you greatly during your initial learning curve? If so, what did you learn most from them?

Mark Minervini: My Mother and my Father. I learned it was ok to do what I love; to go after my dream. I also learned it was ok to be unconventional. I was given the room to be creative. My parents trusted me. I always knew I was supported emotionally. Financially, we were poor but my parents supported my dreams.

Kirk: Indeed, it is so important to have a strong support structure in place. In a nutshell how do you currently approach the market and what is your primary trading strategy?

Mark Minervini: I approach the market from a risk first approach. My trading strategy is called Specific Entry Point Analysis or SEPA. We look to enter trades at low risk entry points relative to potential reward. Primary focus is not to lose money. Secondary focus is not to lose money. And, the final focus is to make more on average than I lose.

Kirk: You remind me of Buffett who said he had only two rules: 1) Never lose money and 2) see rule number 1! What do you see as the primary benefits from employing a strategy that focuses on both fundamentals and technicals?

Mark Minervini: The benefits are having all the pertinent information that is consistent with big winning stocks. We know what to look for both fundamentally and technically. I have seen stocks bought on pure technicals and the guy buying the stock doesnt even know that there was a cash offer or a proposed merger right at the price he paid. Refusing to look at fundamentals or any information that gives you an edge is usually because the individual just doesnt know how to use the info, or has some bias based on personal opinion or tradition.

Kirk: Why is this kind of trading best for you and, more importantly, why do you think it works so well?

Mark Minervini: My strategy works well because its my strategy. I know the strengths and, more importantly, the weaknesses of what it is I do. It also works well because I allow it to work and stick with it even when it runs into difficult times. Nothing works well if you keep changing your approach. To be a master you must be a specialist, not a jack of all trades.

Kirk: What do you trade mostly? Equities, options, futures, ETFs, currencies, etc.?

Mark Minervini: Only equities.

Kirk: In an average week how many trades do you make? What is your average hold time and how many positions do you have open at any given time?

Mark Minervini: During an average year I may make 400-500 trades. About half of that turnover is a result of taking small losses, which Im out of pretty quickly.

Kirk: What would you say are your primary strengths and weaknesses as a trader?

Mark Minervini: Discipline is my primary strength. And the willingness to admit when Im wrong and move on. My weakness is I usually sell early and often leave money on the table. But I dont really view that as a weakness, just something that could be improved upon. When you move in size you have to get out when the getting is good.

Kirk: In my experience it is often better to sell too early than too late Mark! How have you learned to mitigate your weaknesses and focus more on your strengths?

Mark Minervini: By not focusing too much on my strengths. If youre good at buying and bad at selling I would focus on selling; if you improve your selling you will have a complete game. Focus on making your weaknesses strengths and then you will have no weaknesses. Exploit your strengths and improve your weaknesses.

Kirk: What have been some of the most challenging lessons you have learned?

Mark Minervini: That you cant be everything. You must commit to a strategy and sacrifice other strategies. The problem with the market is its like playing poker however; you always get to see the next cards even though the hand is over. You always see what would have happened. This is very difficult to deal with for many people. To be successful, you have to understand that trading is NOT about picking highs and lows, its about making money.

Kirk: Very good. What are some of the key rules that you consider before selecting any potential trading opportunity?

Mark Minervini: How much am I risking is the very first concern. Also, does the stock meet all the necessary criteria? If the risk is acceptable and all the entry criteria are met, I enter the trade.

Kirk: What would you say is your average win: loss ratio for your trades?

Mark Minervini: I average 2 to 1.

Kirk: How has your overall performance been recently, as well as over the past few years?

Mark Minervini: Its been about the same as always. Im a consistent 2:1 trader.

Kirk: What would you say are your favorite kinds of technical and fundamental set-ups?

Mark Minervini: The ideal set-up is a stock emerging from a constructive consolidation with strong accelerating earnings and sales.

Kirk: Can you give us a recent example of a set-up you found to be very attractive and worked well in this market?

Mark Minervini: CML. Bought it on 11/24. Sold it on 12/7 for a quick profit.

Kirk: Have you noticed any trading set-ups more prone to failure than they have been in the past?

Mark Minervini: No. Not much has changed. Contrary to what many believe, its not different this time. LOL

Kirk: To help us understand your trading approach, can you talk about a recent successful trade from start to finish?

Mark Minervini: LULU. Supported by excellent fundamentals, the stock emerged from a double bottom pattern that formed from 4/15 11/04. I bought the stock on 11/05 the day the market topped just before a pullback of about 5% in the major averages. The stock was held through that market pullback because it acted normal and held above our stop. This gave me the conviction to add to the position as it emerged through its next buy point in November. I sold the stock (most likely too early) on 12/09 when they reported earnings up about +50% from the initial purchase from about a month earlier.

Kirk: Now please tell us about a recent unsuccessful trade.

Mark Minervini: Shorted GMCR; shorted the rally in October and November after the big break on SEC news. Stock rallied and stopped us out

Kirk: One of the things I most appreciate about you is how much you stress proper risk management. If we can, lets talk a little bit about position sizing. Can you provide an example of a recent trade and explain your method for determining the size relative to your own trading portfolio?

Mark Minervini: I want to own as much as I can but generally no more than 25% of my portfolio (as liquidity permits). You are not going to make huge returns being too diversified. However, I only risk what I can get out of safely based on liquidity.

Kirk: Thats interesting. I think many would be surprised at the idea of having any position anywhere near 25% of an entire portfolio. Besides over diversification and liquidity concerns, what common mistakes do you think many traders make concerning position sizing?

Mark Minervini: They dont know what an optimal position size should be based on their own risk/reward and risk tolerance. For instance, if youre a 2:1 trader, your optimal position size is 25%.

Kirk: Ok. I think I understand what you mean, but please explain this position sizing formula more in detail so others can perhaps apply it in their own trading. Can you offer another example?

Mark Minervini: Ok. First, its important to understand that you are not going to achieve huge returns consistently being overly diversified or by relying on diversification for protection. You will only get a smoothing effect. When you own a bunch of stocks you end up with two problems: the first being that you just cant watch and know all you need to know about each of them. The second problem is that you will have a difficult time getting fully invested quickly when opportunity presents itself and more importantly, getting liquid if you need to raise cash in a hurry. In addition, the math just doesnt support it. Depending on the size and risk tolerance of your portfolio you should typically have between 4 or 8 stocks and for large portfolios maybe up to as many as 10 or 12 stocks. This would provide sufficient diversification but not too much. The Optimal-f formula can act as a starting place for you to understand optimal position sizing based on expectation. If Ken Heebner of CGM Funds can move around billions of dollars in just twenty names and still manage to beat the market, then a personal portfolio can surely manage sufficiently with 4-5 or 10-12 stocks. If you lose 5-6% on average and even if your position size is at 25% exposure, youre still only be risking about 1.25% of your capital per trade. Of course, if you dont have an edge, then you will lose no matter what your position sizing is.

Kirk: Good, thats helpful. So, do you use and set stops, Mark? If so, whats your stop loss method?

Mark Minervini: I always know where Im going to get out of a trade before I get in. I aim to lose no more than 5-6% on average over time on my losers.

Kirk: Do you ever average down into a losing trade?

Mark Minervini: Theres a reason Paul Tudor Jones had a sign posted on his wall that read Losers average losers, and that reason is because its true. I almost always only add to a position if it proves itself and then I may add to my position at a higher price, not lower.

Kirk: Do you scale up and into winning positions? If so, how do you know when to increase a position size relative to your overall portfolio?

Mark Minervini: Yes. I generally move money into the better performing names at subsequent pivot points or set-ups.

Kirk: All good traders dedicate a lot of time and effort to improvement and reducing mistakes. How has your trading method evolved and improved over the years?

Mark Minervini: It just becomes more and more crystallized because I continue to focus on the same timeless principles, which allows me to become more and more of a specialist. The power of a narrow focus is amazing. The key is to be a real pro at something. Know all you can about a style or a tactic. Then you can build on that foundation. Traders give up too easily and jump around too much when things get difficult. How good do you think Kobe Bryant would be if while he was developing his skills growing up every time he had a really tough game he changed to a different sport or played a different position?

Kirk: I couldnt agree with you more Mark. I see this problem among many. Can you provide an example of something you thought was true when trading early in your career and now believe is just completely wrong?

Mark Minervini: Yeah, everything. But I learned very quickly sound principles. It just took me many years to master the application.

Kirk: Why do you think most traders fail?

Mark Minervini: Here are 6 reasons:

1. Poor selection criteria; usually based on personal opinion, theory or tips and bad advice
2. They dont stick to and commit to an approach; style drift
3. Dont cut losses (#1 mistake made by virtually all investors)
4. Dont know the truth about their trading they fail to conduct in-depth post analysis
5. Treat trading as a hobby not a business
6. Want too much too fast; learning a skill takes time

Kirk: Please describe a typical trading day for you. How do you organize and dedicate your time?

Mark Minervini: Most of my work is done the night before. I already know what Im going to trade before the open. I watch the market all day long, never leaving my desk for more than a few minutes during trading hours.

Kirk: How much time and attention do you pay to others opinions about the market and/or stocks you are trading?

Mark Minervini: Zero. I avoid outside opinions like the plague!

Kirk: Are there any tricks of the trade that you use to help maintain a consistent successful approach over a long period of time?

Mark Minervini: Yeah, long hours, hard work, a sound approach and discipline. There are no tricks or big secrets. Again, is there a secret to having a good basketball shot? It starts with a good coach, proper practice, plenty of hard work, discipline and sacrifice.

Kirk: Amen. However, most traders I know have a set of rules that they have learned from past mistakes. What are a few of yours that you think most traders would benefit from?

Mark Minervini: Hard work alone wont cut if you dont have a sound approach and if youre not doing the right things. You must be facing west if youre looking for a sun set. Approach each trade from risk first; ask how much can I lose. Dont risk more than you can expect to gain on average. Know the truth about your trading; study your results carefully. Never average down. Always cut your losses; keep your losses small. These are fundamental rules that should never be compromised.

Kirk: I suspect like all good traders you are working on improving your performance in some manner. Can you share what youre specifically working on right now?

Mark Minervini: Sticking to the rules. Always making sure we stick to the rules. We have a great approach, I dont like to get to tricky and over complicate something that requires a straight forward approach.

Kirk: Youve been trading for some time now. What would you say are the biggest changes in the markets and trading in general youve seen during your career, both good and bad?

Mark Minervini: The order handling rule change in 1997 has changed the way stocks move short-term because Market Makers dont really keep inventory anymore. Its a topic that would require a lengthy discussion; maybe we could talk about it another time. Other than that, not much has changed except more information moves faster than before.

Kirk: What advice would you give a person just now beginning to trade the markets?

Mark Minervini: Find a good mentor. Commit to a strategy. Cut your losses. Tune out the media. Take full responsibility for your results.
Kirk: What do you think are the greatest misconceptions beginning traders have about trading the markets and about trading systems?

Mark Minervini: Way too many to mention. Just about everything a beginner thinks is a misconception.

Kirk: A number of people who read my website desire to trade for a living and I receive a lot of questions concerning capital requirements needed to start and how to make the transition to trade full-time. Do you have any words of wisdom or rules of thumb to share along these lines?

Mark Minervini: I started with a very small sum of money and turned it into a fortune. Capital is not the challenge. Mastering yourself is the challenge. Discipline is the challenge. Persistence is the challenge.

Kirk: Do you think trading for a living is getting more difficult or easier for the average individual investor? Why?

Mark Minervini: Much easier. Tools for pros and amateurs are virtually identical. The pro has no edge. The individual has the advantage. No real liquidity concerns for the small trader versus the big fund manager. Its a fantastic time to be a stock trader!

Kirk: When all is said and done, in your experience, what is the best way to learn how to trade?

Mark Minervini: Trade. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: Do the thing and you shall have the power. And then conduct post analysis. Learn to be objective. You could try and find a mentor. However, the chances of getting great advice are slim at best. Trading is just like any other profession, there are only a handful of really outstanding practitioners.

Kirk: Do you have any books, websites, etc. that you highly recommend beyond your own website?

Mark Minervini: The Kirk Report. Why is there anything else? LOL!!!

Kirk: You are too kind Mark. Although I know both of us share a love for the markets and trading, what are your long-term career plans and future for your website?

Mark Minervini: I honestly dont know for sure. My long-term plans are too stay healthy and be a good father to my daughter. This past year I started a pilot training program. Also, we now offer my research to the individual investor not just exclusively to the institution anymore. It feels good to help others achieve their goals. I think I may continue to develop that. Why hog all the good trades for myself? LOL!

Kirk: What are some of your personal passions beyond the market?

Mark Minervini: Ive been a drummer since I was 6 years old and I continue to play. I play tennis, train boxing and lift weights to stay in shape, and I play an occasional round of golf.

Kirk: Finally, if you had only one piece of advice to share with all traders, what would it be?

Mark Minervini: Believe in yourself and never give up. Persistence is more important than knowledge. Make an unconditional commitment to trading and you will not fail.

Kirk: Thank you so much Mark. I really enjoyed this interview and Im sure others will find it helpful.

If you’ve been following my blog, you might recall a few months ago I called out to Derek Foster, wondering what Canadas Youngest Retiree has been up to.

Back in September, Derek was a busy guy.  I found out he completed an interview with MoneyTalk host Patricia Lovett-Reid, he was preparing for a speaking engagement in Toronto at Canadian MoneySaver’s Investment Conference, he was putting the finishing touches on his new book and as always, he was helping raise his five kids.  I don’t know about you but that seems more like a year’s worth of work, let alone one month.

For those of you who don’t know who Derek Foster is, here’s a quick bio (photo courtesy of his website):

• Derek was born in Ottawa in 1970.
• Derek was able to become a millionaire and leave the proverbial rat race at the age of 34 by using various investing strategies, many he believes any investor can emulate.
• Derek, ”Canada’s youngest retiree” is a well-known Canadian author and has shared his personal investment experiences and strategies in his National Bestselling Books:
• Stop Working:  Here’s How You Can!
• The Lazy Investor: Start with $50 and no Investment Knowledge
• Money for Nothing: And You Stocks for FREE
• Stop Working Too:  You Still Can!
• *The Idoit Millionaire (*Latest book, Fall 2010)
• When not writing books or giving speaking engagements, Derek spends time with his wife and five children in Ottawa (in my old neighbourhood no less).

For a couple of years now, maybe like some of you, I’ve been both entrigued and somewhat skeptical of Derek’s investment journey.  I’ve read a few of his books (Stop Working:  Here’s How You Can! and The Lazy Investor) and to be honest I’ve been more inspired than skeptical of his success.  Sure, he may have had some great timing on his side and some risker investments paid off, but sometimes you make your own luck as well.  I know others don’t feel the same and have written so.  That’s fine because everyone is entitled to their own opinion. 

Overall, I’m happy for Derek because he had a dream, saw it fulfilled and then some.  Investment timing, luck, skill or otherwise, he’s a fortunate guy. 

I’m glad I got the chance to chat with Derek for almost a couple of hours a few weeks back.  Here’s what he had to say in Part 1 of My Own Advisor interview.  I hope you enjoy the read.

*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *

My Own Advisor:  Thanks again for the interview Derek. It’s a busy time of year for everyone and I’m glad you got back in touch with me. It’s great to finally chat with you – enough email already!

Well, onto my questions.  Ready?

Derek:  Fire away Mark.

My Own Advisor:  Youve just released the latest book in your Stop Working series entitled The Idiot Millionaire: You Can Become Wealthy! What inspired you to write this book?


Derek:  To be honest, it was largely because of the 2008-2009 economic downturn. Because my personal situation had changed since I originally left the rat race at 34, (I was earning an income from other sources such as book sales, etc), I wanted to switch my portfolio to higher growing dividend-payers as this would save me tax and generate better returns over the long-term. BUT I wasnt as smart as I thought I was; hoping to sell my stocks at one price and trying to get back in at a lower price. In some cases, it worked. I bought businesses like JNJ, Shoppers Drug Mart and Phillip Morris at reasonable prices. For other businesses, it didnt work. For example, I waited too long for Canadian bank stocks. I missed the bottom and their subsequent run ups in price. Admittedly I missed that boat. I would buy some if prices to crept lower. I guess the title of my book really applies to me, kind of tongue-in-cheek.


My Own Advisor:  What makes this book unique in your Stop Working series?

Derek:  More so than any of my previous books, this one discusses a companys competitive advantage. I describe what I mean by this and how investors would do well to invest in those companies that have it and it also offers a list of those companies.


There are many companies out there that are worth owning, companies that pay dividends but they do not have any economic moat around them. This is important because ideally you want to buy companies that not only pay dividends, but that increase their dividends over time and also have great growth opportunities because of their advantaged products and services. My new book includes a pretty good list of these companies in Canada and the U.S. In the U.S. for example, Coca-Cola quickly comes to mind. In Canada, Enbridge.

My Own Advisor:  Switching gears a bit, tell me about your investment strategy. Still a dividend investor?


Derek:  Absolutely, but my approach or maybe should I say my focus has changed. Before I was more focused on higher yields for income generation, maybe slower-growing stuff but now my needs have changed. I mean the books generate income which was an unexpected surprise (because being an author or a writer is not usually the path to riches). Really though, Im fortunate to have some other income streams with no debt and so things are different for me at 40 than 34 when I wrote Stop Working (Heres How You Can Too!). Geez, that was six years ago. Im now more focused on companies that have their moats and good long-term growth prospects. I try to explain that in plain language in the new book.


Also, the reality is many folks dont retire from the workforce at 34, or even 40 or 50. They are working their way towards retirement bit by bit and hopefully this book will provide them with a more complete list of companies to help them out.

My Own Advisor:  A short time ago, when the market was falling (in 2008-2009) you sold all your dividend payers. I read a few articles about that. You took some heat. Can you walk us through that decision?

Derek:  I was an idiot but at that time, I sold my shares in early February 2009, I thought I could get back in later and at cheaper prices. Turns out I did and I didnt as I told you before. I managed to buy a lot of stocks much more cheaply but a large part of this was luck. I benefitted from put-option premiums and the incredible strength of the Canadian dollar. After I sold my stocks, I remember humming and hawing for a couple of weeks – should I say anything to the media? The books encouraged folks to do the opposite; buy and hold dividend-payers for income. I didnt want to be hypocritical but I can see why some people were a little put off, you know what I mean? In the end, my approach did save me money and I came out ahead but not on everything; I missed the boat on those Canadian bank stocks and some other companies I would like to own.


The book (The Idiot Millionaire) actually includes some of this stuff and Ive got some details in there about my prices when I got back in.


My Own Advisor:  Made any recent purchases?


Derek – Yeah, I bought Strayer Inc (a for-profit university) at a pretty reasonable price. It just made sense with our Canadian dollar being so high and the recent stock price weakness due to pending potential changes to loans for students. Im very comfortable with this holding but I realize there are potential risks. The stock price had dropped from over $250 earlier this year to under $140 where I bought it. This is even cheaper than at the March 2009 low of $159 and the Canadian dollar is much stronger now, so the stock price is actually 30% below the March 2009 bear market low (in Canadian dollar terms).


My Own Advisor:  Something more fun now. Whats on your Christmas list for 2010?


Derek:  Well with five kids in house, Christmas is really for them, not me. Ive never been one to covet stuff, Im not materialistic. I finally got a GPS this summer for our trip out West and Ive got a laptop computer. During our trip, once the kids were in bed and all the chatter had stopped for the day, I pulled out my laptop and wrote a couple of pages (for the new book). Honestly, Im a cheap guy. If a burglar came to my house, he would quickly leave in disgust as my material possessions are not really worth stealing (except perhaps for my Sienna minivan). When I look at stuff, I always ask myself, is this really going to add any value to my life? If the answer is no, I dont buy it. I guess nothing Mark. I dont even own a cell phone. I guess I dont consider myself important enough to need one.


I had to laugh at this last response. I mean, with five kids, how can Christmas NOT be all about them?
 
It was great to chat with Derek.  He’s a bright and funny guy.  Foster’s fast track to early retirement through  savings and diligent investing in Canadian and U.S. dividend paying stocks may not appeal to everyone but I think it’s inspirational.  In the end, we’re all trying to achieve financial freedom and regardless if you’re a fan or a critic, learning something from Derek Foster can and should be done.  That doesn’t mean you need to follow his path or emulate what he did.  Knowledge is always different than the application, but learning what works and what doesn’t for you is important.  I’m trying to build my investment knowledge and application all the time because in my opinion, continuous improvement is critical to success. 
 
In Part 2 of my interview, you’ll hear more from Derek about his portfolio allocation and his stock market predictions for 2011.  Stay tuned for that blogpost after Christmas. 
 
I hope you enjoyed Part 1 and as always, I look forward to any comments!
 
Cheers,
Financial Cents

I dont know about you, but applying for a mortgage can be frustrating and time-consuming. From our perspective, we were just another number applying for a bunch of numbers. Insert a great mortgage broker into the equation.

Heres a short (but not inclusive) list of great things a great mortgage broker can do you:

Give you customer focus – Unlike banking representatives, mortgage brokers are not tied to any one bank. Sure, they might have some favourites, but great brokers canvas the full field. Our guy was looking out for the customer (us), our terms, conditions and pre-payment options. He was working to find a product that fit our needs and situation, not his agenda. In brief, our mortgage situation is not ideal, we have a hefty penalty to pay if we break our existing mortgage and go with another lender within the next two years. (This is a reminder to look at the detailed print of your mortgage agreement before you purchase a new home .) In our case, a great opportunity arose and sometimes you simply cant pass those up regardless what the fine print says – life happens, choices need to be made and chances need to be taken. Back to my point, you can certainly make a strong argument that mortgage brokers work for themselves, not you, however without attention to personal detail, they wouldnt be in business. Our broker put our needs and requirements #1. He was always very responsive. He never said he didnt have time for us or needed to take another call.

Give you leverage The way I see it, using a mortgage broker to fund a mortgage, youre going to get more attention because the lender wants that broker to continue sending business their way. As an individual customer, were just a number apply for a bunch of numbers. In talking with our broker, I know if he sensed any run around from a prospective lender hed move on and our mortgage prospects would go with him.

Save you money No doubt mortgage brokers are compensated by the lenders they strike the deal with but a) that means you dont pay them and b) as long as the rate and conditions of the mortgage are better than what you could have obtained youre saving money. Potentially lots. Like I mentioned earlier, our broker worked hard to get us a good deal. He knew his stuff and actively monitored bond yields for us. We more than appreciated that because without our new great rate and its associated terms, we wouldnt be coming out ahead over our hefty mortgage penalty. Weve taken our lumps and learned from them. My advice? Dont take a five-year mortgage term if theres even a chance you might move within that term period. Sure, you can sometimes port your 5-year fixed term to your new home (it doesnt cost anything but the mortgage appraisal and sometimes a small discharge fee) but that wasnt ideal for us. In hindsight, we should have taken a shorter fixed term a few years back or instead, given historical research, a variable rate. Click here to read more about variable mortgage rates and how more often than not, you come out a winner over a fixed rate mortgage.

In closing, mortgage brokers can be a tremendous resource, if you have the right one. Were glad we worked with our guy. Actually, we still are.  He’s still checking in with us to ensure all the rebates we were able to take advantage of are coming our way, including one for the mortgage appraisal.

I know if I have mortgage question going forward, Ill drop him a line. Hell take my call, hell listen, hell provide good customer service and objective feedback. I dont mind sharing who we used because the experience was very positive.

Thanks very much Rob!!

Click here if you want his contact information.

Do you agree or disagree what a great mortgage broker can do for you?
Any positive or “other” experiences youd like to share?

Cheers,
Financial Cents

Mr. BHARARA said: “Todays truly historic settlement with the estate of Jeffry Picower is a game-changer for Madoffs victims. By returning every penny of the $7.2 billion her late husband received from BLMIS to help those who have suffered most, Barbara Picower has done the right thing. We will continue to work tirelessly with our partners from SIPC, the SIPA Trustee, the FBI, the IRS, and the U.S. Marshals Service to track down any and all proceeds of Madoffs Ponzi scheme and return them to victims.”

SIPC Chairman ORLAN JOHNSON said: “Since the discovery of the Madoff fraud, the United States Attorney, as well as the Trustee, Mr. Picard, his counsel, represented here by Mr. Sheehan, and SIPC personnel have worked relentlessly on the Madoff case. They have committed constant time, energy, and resources to benefit the victims of that fraud. The settlement announced today is an extraordinary achievement by all concerned. More than $7 billion dollars will be distributed to the victims. We will seek to distribute these proceeds as quickly as possible. This is by far the largest asset settlement in the 40 year history of SIPC. The result we see today shows that SIPC and the Securities Investor Protection Act can meet the challenges they face. Prior to today, SIPC had already advanced over $760 million to the Madoff victims. SIPC has also provided the financial wherewithal to conduct the research, investigation, and legal proceedings that led to this recovery, and, I am sure,
will lead to other recoveries in the future.”

SIPA Trustee IRVING PICARD said: “The importance of this settlement cannot be overstated, as it shows significant progress in our efforts to assemble the largest Customer Fund possible. Every penny of this $7.2 billion settlement will be distributed to BLMIS customers with valid claims.”

FBI Assistant Director-in-Charge JANICE K. FEDARCYK said: “Among the thousands of investors in the Bernard Madoff scheme were individuals so taken in by his confidence game that they invested the bulk of their net worth with him. The unprecedented settlement announced today means people who two years ago faced the devastating prospect of losing everything now stand to recover a significant portion of their investment.”

IRS Special Agent-in-Charge CHARLES R. PINE said: “IRS Criminal Investigation has a unique role in Ponzi scheme related investigations. Our Special Agents come to the table with specialized talent and the ability to pour through transactional records, such as bank and brokerage account statements, and trace illegally earned income to other assets, such as cars, real estate, jewelry, and other highly valued items. IRS Criminal Investigators and its law enforcement partners will continue to work diligently in recovering assets to their rightful owners in illegal financial schemes.”

According to the Stipulation and Order of Settlement, and accompanying civil forfeiture Complaint, filed in Manhattan federal court today:

The investment advisory business of BLMIS was operated as a massive Ponzi scheme from at least as early as the 1980s, defrauding investors of billions of dollars. Rather than use client funds to invest in securities, as promised, BLMIS diverted those funds to (a) pay other clients redemption requests; (b) fund transactions to disguise BLMISs fraud; and (c) enrich Madoff, his family, and his associates. In order to support the lie that BLMIS was operating a legitimate investment advisory business, BLMIS created and disseminated fictitious account statements that, among other things, showed trades that never actually took place. During the course of the fraud, MADOFFs clients lost approximately $20 billion in funds they invested with BLMIS.

Since at least the late 1970s, JEFFRY M. PICOWER was an investor in BLMIS, holding an account in his own name and controlling accounts held by various individuals and entities. Over the course of his 30-plus year relationship with BLMIS, PICOWER withdrew a net total of $7,206,157,717 in profits from BLMIS. When MADOFF was arrested in December 2008 and his fraud was revealed, it became clear that PICOWER – like all of BLMISs investors who withdrew more money than they invested – had profited at the expense of more recent BLMIS investors.

PICOWER died in October 2009. In his will, PICOWER sought to establish a charitable foundation, which was to receive the overwhelming majority of his fortune, and continue his lifelong dedication to philanthropy and to funding medical research. In order to resolve potential civil claims by the Government against PICOWERs estate, and to enable the creation of the foundation called for in PICOWERs will, the estate, through PICOWERs widow BARBARA PICOWER, has agreed to give up the entire net total of any and all funds that PICOWER or any related entity received from BLMIS. The Settlement contains no finding or admission of fault against PICOWER, and his estate has claimed that neither PICOWER nor any of the related entities participating in the settlement had any involvement in, or knowledge of, MADOFFs fraud.

The United States Attorneys Office will use funds forfeited in the settlement announced today to compensate victims of MADOFFs fraud. Last week, in connection with a $625 million settlement involving the Office, the SIPA Trustee, and CARL SHAPIRO and his family, MR. BHARARA announced that the Department of Justice had appointed IRVING H. PICARD as Special Master to oversee the process of remission or mitigation under the forfeiture laws. PICARD is already serving as the court-appointed trustee for BLMIS under SIPA. Under the terms of todays settlement, and a related settlement submitted to the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York, PICARD will administer $5.0 billion of the funds being returned to Madoffs victims by the PICOWER estate through the SIPA liquidation proceedings. He also will administer the remaining approximately $2,206,157,717 through the Department of Justices remission or mitigation process.

Mr. BHARARA praised the work of SIPC and the SIPA Trustee. He also thanked the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Internal Revenue Service, Criminal Investigation Division, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the United States Marshals Service. Mr. BHARARA also thanked the U.S. Department of Labors Employee Benefits Security Administration and Office of the Inspector General for their work in this matter. Finally, he thanked the Department of Justices Asset Forfeiture and Money Laundering Section for their assistance.

This case was brought in coordination with President BARACK OBAMAs Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force, on which Mr. BHARARA serves as a Co-Chair of the Securities and Commodities Fraud Working Group. President OBAMA established the interagency Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force to wage an aggressive, coordinated, and proactive effort to investigate and prosecute financial crimes. The task force includes representatives from a broad range of federal agencies, regulatory authorities, inspectors general, and state and local law enforcement who, working together, bring to bear a powerful array of criminal and civil enforcement resources. The task force is working to improve efforts across the federal executive branch, and with state and local partners, to investigate and prosecute significant financial crimes, ensure just and effective punishment for those who perpetrate financial crimes, combat discrimination in the lending and financial markets, and recover proceeds for
victims of financial crimes.

Assistant United States Attorneys LISA A. BARONI, JULIAN J. MOORE, BARBARA A. WARD, and MATTHEW L. SCHWARTZ are in charge of the case.

Wow, Christmas is almost here…are you ready?

Although Snoopy is, we’re not.

My wife and I are normally the types to have our acts together but this year, with our move to a new home just days away and many other things on the go, weve fallen behind in our holiday preparations. It doesnt feel good because its not our style.

Luckily for us, most of our family is committed to a wine bottle exchange for Christmas. Well, at least the adults are! 

Kidding aside, we have tons of shopping to do over the next week while getting settled into the new place; well be brave and hit the odd store besides the LCBO but at least weve got a few things to be proud of we managed to achieve many of our financial goals for 2010.

Lets take a quick look at what did and did not happen this year…

Goal # 1 Put down $20,000 on our mortgage



Yep, this one was a BIG stretch assignment for us, but why not have lofty goals?  Earlier this year, I think we were actually on pace to meet this goal by way of some frugal living but things quickly changed when we fell in love with a house and our purchase offer was accepted on it.  Life happens, things change that was early fall. Up until that point, we managed to put down many lump sum mortgage payments but have since diverted money towards moving costs, lawyer fees and other monies required for the move.  Moving is certainly not cheap, we’re reminded of.  In any event, in the end we 55% of our target. In grade-school, 55% means you almost failed. I dont think our efforts were too bad!?

Goal # 2 Maximize TFSAs


Earlier this year, I was proud to say we accomplished this goal and I still feel that way. My wife and I opened discount brokerage TFSAs and promptly filled them with ETFs and one REIT, HR.UN. The XBB in each of our TFSAs has yielded a tidy 4% all year long and the one REIT we hold has had a very nice runup.

Goal # 3 – “Clean-up” RRSP Accounts (ETFs instead of high-MER funds)



This housekeeping exercise was a big one for us, probably just as important as the lump sum payments on our mortgage.  If youve been reading my blog for a bit, you might recall this exercise started in earnest in late 2009 after revisiting our RRSP mutual fund holdings and their performance over the last few years. This work also accelerated because my understanding and passion for index investing has grown. Canadian Couch Potato, Canadian Capitalist, Michael James on Money, Andrew Hallam, DIY Investor and others, have been great tutors to me and have helped me see the index investing light in recent years (thanks guys).

Ive written about the benefits of ETFs before.   Their low-cost structure and strong allegiance to the indexes they follow give them advantages in the long-run over almost every actively-managed mutual fund out there. This makes ETFs great products for our RRSPs.

We completed our transition to holding ETFs in our RRSPs this summer and we havent looked back since (and won’t).

Goal # 4 – Frequent contributions to DRIPs


After making major investments (for us anyhow) into businesses like Bank of Montreal, Sun Life and CIBC a year ago, my early 2010 focus turned to Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS).  I turned to BNS earlier this year and started investing in this company since it behaved well out of the financial storm of 2008-2009.  Not only that, they’ve been a dividend stalwart:  paying dividends for over 150 years.  Why not me?  Although my portfolio at the time was entirely comprised of stocks from the financial sector (this is no longer the case), I wanted BNS in my portfolio since it was (still is) a very good company and I couldnt resist my entry point at just under $47.  Since February, I’ve had my Scotiabank stock DRIPping.  While BNS did not raise their dividend this year, unlike most over the last three decades, I bet they will in 2011.  Many savvy dividend investors like The Rat, themoneygardener and Passive Income Earner got their invitations to the BNS dividend party years ago, now I’ll be able to join them!  This year I managed to contribute at least $50 per month into BNS, free of charge, no commission fees – just the cost of a stamp and an envelope.  Hopefully sometime in 2011 I’ll be at a point whereby I’ll be earning at least one free Bank of Nova Scotia share via my DRIP every quarter.   For this year at least, goal accomplished. 


Goal # 5 Optimize RRSPs


Ive already written about this goal in a few other posts, but its worth repeating. My wife and I believe we should only contribute enough money to our RRSPs to avoid paying any additional income tax. This is not because RRSPs arent a good savings vehicle (they are, we have them, we fill them with ETFs) rather we feel our income is better used elsewhere if RRSP optimization is achieved.  Paying down our mortgage for one, buying and holding established dividend paying companies for two.  For the most part, I consider this goal complete.


Goal # 6 – Save for and take a great trip

If you spent some time on my blog last month, youll know my wife and I took our highly anticipated trip to Argentina. Visiting Buenos Aires, spending half a week in the jungle in northern Argentina, taking a high mountain bus tour through the Andes and a private wine tour around Mendoza were experiences and sights well never forget. While saving and planning for retirement are important, so is living for the day.  Thanks to our super simple automatic savings plan, disciplined budget and clear financial goals, we were able to take an unforgettable vacation.  Mission accomplished.


Looking back on our 2010 financial goals, I cant help but think it was a successful one. Did we hit the mark on everything? No, but we weren’t that far off.  Weve been fortunate in 2010 and are thankful for that, very thankful.  Even if you have good plans and goals things don’t always work out and things tend to change.  That’s life, and I’m learning to accept that more and more.  However, on the road to financial independence, what I’ve learned this year is having a few goals to work towards is certainly an enabler to getting to your destination.  This blog has helped keep me honest and accountable by putting our financial objectives in writing.  That unto itself was progress and I hope to accelerate that ride down my financial independence road in 2011. 

How about you – any financial goals you were proud of this year?
Got any BIG or small plans for 2011?

Cheers,
Financial Cents

While I try to avoid ranting on my blog (I sound like my friend Big Cajun Man…) I just cant help myself today. I hate moving. But we did it to ourselves.

Earlier this fall, my wife and I fell in love with a home just outside Ottawa and submitted our purchase offer for it. Within hours, our offer was accepted. Even though the songbirds were singing and we were overjoyed with the news, the shock quickly set in about what just happened – we needed to sell our home. That was almost two months ago.

Fast forward to today, were packing in earnest and boxes (empty and full) are littered everywhere throughout our home. Our closing date for the new place is next Wednesday and it’s approaching fast! We need to be fully moved out of our current residence by next Friday. Beds need to be disassembled, the kitchen packed and electronics carefully stowed. There is much to do.

On top of the packing and cleaning effort, we have a little storm headed towards Ottawa this weekend. Apparently there is a HUGE low cycling in Pacific and U.S. northwest that is supposed to bring a whack of snow to the National Capital region starting this Sunday night. Weather forecasters (just as reliable as stock market analysts I might add) have predicted a snowfall ranging from 35-40 cm (well over a foot) to 15 cm (6 inches) starting this Sunday and moving into Monday next week.

Image adapted from The Weather Network

If 40 cm falls, this town will be a mess for about a week. If just 15 cm falls, we should be fine, Ottawans (including local moving companies) are used to that every other winter week.

Amongst the packing, the stress, the moving arrangements, living where you cant find anything, moving where you dont know much of anything, wearing the same clothes for days, the cost of movers, the costs of new appliances, changing insurance, changing addresses, negotiating time off work, shopping for Christmas and working around crappy winter weather in Ottawa, Ive decided I really hate moving.

For all its headaches, I’m praying our move will be a successful one. I guess I just need a bit more patience and some luck from Mother Nature to prevail.

Any secrets you want to share about getting through a move successfully?
I’m ALL ears

Cheers,
Financial Cents

Getting back to work and into the grove (or rut) from vacation this week, I feel compelled to import some of what Im experiencing at work into my blog today.

Ill set the scene

Youre asked to work on a new project, its high-profile and youre the project manager. Youll be given resources, although there are limits. Youll be given time to complete the project, although there is a due-date down the road. Youll be given scope to work within, although youve got some wiggle room to manoeuvre. Youre excited and you want to get going. Thats great because theres a natural tendency to dive right into the work – do this; do that; full steam ahead. From my perspective, that’s the last thing youd want to do. Enthusiasm and keenness are great attributes for a project but youll have fun soon enough. Successful projects require effective management from the very beginning; creating objectives, plans and communication of your approach to name a few.

Is your personal finance journey any different than a long-term project? Not in my opinion…

According to the Project Management Institute (PMI) project management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities in order to meet or exceed stakeholder needs and expectations of a project. Technical, I agree, but I live this stuff everyday. In plain language, project management is a toolkit for folks to get work done effectively and efficiently.

At work, you might be responsible for implementing a new product or service. In your personal finance journey, the product is you. Youre the long-term project deliverable, financial independence is your outcome. At a very high-level, I dont see many differences between project management principles and the personal finance journey, I’ll explain:

1.Both need clear objectives - The most successful projects have clearly defined objectives from the outset. Wouldnt this apply to your financial journey?

2.Both need good plans - A carefully thought-out project plan serves two purposes. First, it allows everyone involved to understand and perform their part in the project. Second, it serves as a monitoring tool allowing you or others to take action if something doesnt go the way you thought it would. Written plans are always the best. I would argue your financial plan is simply a long-term project in disguise.

3.Both need lots of communication - Your projects at work are a collaborative effort between all of the individuals involved, even if its just you and your boss. Your personal finance project is probably not so personal, it likely affects your spouse, your kids, maybe even your parents. Everyone needs to be on the proverbial same page at home, just like work, if the journey is to be a successful one and all successful ventures begin and end with effective communication.

4.Both need controlled scope Just like work, numerous issues will arise during your project and not all these changes will help you achieve your objectives. There will be setbacks, there will be changes, its inevitable. At work, its important to stay focused on your objectives. I dont see your personal financial journey being any different. In my opinion, it doesnt matter if your financial objectives are 100% GICs or 100% stocks – managing your scope and staying true to your plan is absolutely necessary.

5.Both need sponsorship and support - Projects typically involve several stakeholders, folks who invest time, resources and have a vested interest in the project. If the project is you, you need to remain invested and vested. That can also mean, getting support when necessary, from your spouse, kids, parents, friends or a financial professional when you need it. Rarely can anyone achieve success (financial or otherwise) without help from others. While it may be a personal finance journey, the journey isn’t taken in isolation.

I could go on. I think theres tons of parallels between the project management world many of us experience everyday and the personal finance journey. In the end, good management is simply that, at work or at home.

What do you think?
Do you see any of the same parallels I see?
Do you think I’m nuts and too immersed into my work?

Cheers,
Financial Cents