Last year was the first year I set some personal finance and investing goals in black and white. I posted them on my blog for the world to see and scrutinize. I also posted them on my blog to keep me accountable. In years past, while I set financial goals, they were not written down and consequently not followed up on very well they floated around in my head. In hindsight, I think this blog was a huge enabler for meeting many financial objectives in 2010. I hope this year will be just as successful.

To recap, our goals from last year were:
Goal # 1 – Put down $20,000 on our mortgage.
Goal # 2 – Maximize TFSAs.
Goal # 3 – “Clean-up” RRSP Accounts (ETFs instead of high-MER funds).
Goal # 4 – Frequent contributions to DRIPs.
Goal # 5 – Optimize RRSPs.
Goal # 6 – Save for and take a great trip.

We were fortunate enough to accomplish every one above, 100%, except for #1. That goal was indeed lofty but I think you need to have stretch assignments, at least we like them. In the end we hit 55% of our target for goal #1 and while in grade school 55% means you almost failed, I dont think our efforts were too bad.
Writing about mortgage payments brings me to our first personal finance goal of 2011:

Goal # 1 Increase mortgage payments by $200 per month

With a new place there are lots of expenses. Lots. I dont need to list them because Im sure youve moved enough yourself and you know what they are. The list never seems to end. For us, the initial big ticket items were appliances and window treatments last month. These things werent cheap and neither are the small things when you add them up. Recognizing we can never do it all at once, weve decided to strike a balance in 2011; live for today, make our house a home and take small steps at paying off the mortgage.  If we increase our mortgage payments this year by $200 per month, we figure well save almost $30,000 in interest costs over the life of our mortgage and payoff the house about 4 years earlier – sounds pretty good to us.

Goal # 2 Contribute $5,000 each to TFSAs

Our government has been pretty good to us in recent years, OK, at least in one area with the introduction of the TFSA in January 2009. We figure we better take advantage of this financial tool because who friggin knows when, if or how the rules will change. Governments are famous for that. You already know the deal:

Including this year, you could have contributed up to $15,000 into a TFSA.
The money can be earned or withdrawn completely tax free.
Contribution room can be carried forward indefinitely.
You never lose contribution room when you withdraw money.
More benefits, more benefits

With $10,000 contribution room each, weve got lots of room to manoeuvre in 2011. Wed like to contribute $5,000 each to our TFSAs. We had to withdraw money from our TFSAs in 2010 to purchase those appliances I wrote about. We dont regret this transaction (because we need to eat!) but this purchase left a big hole to fill in our financial plan. 

Goal # 3 Optimize our RRSPs

Thanks to some savvy DIY investors and financial tutors like Canadian Couch Potato, Canadian Capitalist, Michael James on Money, Andrew Hallam, DIY Investor and others, Ive been schooled on the importance of managing our RRSPs efficiently. For many years, my wife and I werent managing our RRSPs, they were managing us. For almost 10 years we held various equity and bond mutual funds in our RRSPs. That changed last year when we accomplished our financial goal called clean-up our RRSP accounts. These knowledgeable DIY investors re-emphasized the drag management fees had on our retirement savings. Armed with this knowledge we made changes last year and now were using a few ETFs in our RRSPs to match returns of the S&P/TSX 60 Index and the DEX Universe Bond Index respectively, instead of equity and bond mutual funds that charged us 2% per year. These changes lowered our management fees by over 80%!

For 2011, we intend to optimize our RRSPs that is contribute only enough needed to avoid paying any more taxes come tax time. This way, we pay ourselves first but we also retain necessary funds for the rest of our financial plan. We figure optimizing our RRSPs in 2011 will cost us a few hundred dollars every month.

Goal # 4 Continue my full Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) with Bank of Nova Scotia

After making major investments (for us anyhow) into businesses like Bank of Montreal, Sun Life, CIBC and Enbridge some time ago, my focus early in 2010 turned to Bank of Nova Scotia (BNS).  I started investing in BNS for many reasons, one of the main reasons being they behaved (not just survived) very well out of the financial storm of 2008-2009.  They too, are a dividend stalwart:  paying dividends for over 150 years.

Many savvy dividend investors like The Rat, themoneygardener, Passive Income Earner and Echo from Boomer & Echo I recall got their invitations to the BNS dividend party years ago, now Im with them.  Glad to be with you gentlemen!   Last year I managed to contribute at least $50 per month into BNS stock, no commission fees, just the cost of a stamp and an envelope.  Hopefully sometime later this year I’ll be at a point whereby I’ll be earning at least one free Bank of Nova Scotia share via my full DRIP every quarter.   I look forward to seeing that compounding machine running.

Goal # 5 Start my full Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP) with Fortis

Ive been meaning to do this for some time and I think 2011 should be the year, enough procrastinating already. An overview of Fortis:

Fortis Inc. is the largest investor-owned distribution utility in Canada, serving approximately 2,100,000 gas and electricity customers. Its regulated holdings include a natural gas utility in British Columbia and electric utilities in 5 Canadian provinces and 3 Caribbean countries. Fortis owns non-regulated hydroelectric generation assets across Canada and in Belize and upper New York State. It also owns hotels and commercial real estate in Canada.

Fortis (FTS) pays a healthy (and steady) dividend and is considered a Canadian dividend aristocrat, consistently raising its payout to shareholders year after year.  I want to be part of that payout.

Goal # 6 Build up our emergency fund to $10,000

We have some funds set aside for emergencies but not enough to satisfy our comfort level. Everyone has their own level and ours is $10 K. Weve got some work to do and 2011 is the year to do it.

Unlike last year, we wont be taking any grand trips to South America or any distant lands for that matter.  My wife and I have decided that 2011 is a year to get some work done around the house and furnish it the way we want to. Lawn chairs in our living room are not an option! Those efforts will take time and money and so in 2011, any additional savings beyond our emergency fund will be going towards home improvements.  Were still planning some weekends away, together, with friends and family but no big voyages. Although wed like to travel and experience new worlds there are things to do at home, literally. On the flipside, getting some objectives accomplished around the house in 2011 should give us much more freedom in 2012 – something to look forward to for sure.  I guess thats what goals are all about

What do you think of our financial goals for 2011?  What are yours?

I look forward to hearing from you, have a good weekend!
My Own Advisor

If our caution proves to be warranted and the market does correct over the coming days and weeks ahead, our work suggests the pullback will be relatively small and contained within the 4-7% range (give or take a percentage or two) on the major averages. The broader indexes such as the Russell 2000 will most likely be hit the hardest, as we have pointed out the recent relative outperformance in many of the bigger cap names.

Over the past two weeks we have sold and paired back many of our portfolio holdings. Over the short-term, we feel most stocks need to correct, or at the very least, consolidate. This does NOT however, mean that we will completely abstain from adding new longs to the portfolio on a select basis.

There is always the possibility that the market turns up and moves right back into new high ground even without broad participation. It is precisely for that reason we stick with our investment theme until proven wrong and let the market itself guide us as opposed to rigidly clinging to personal opinions or theories.

If the overall market is going to get into serious trouble, our stop-loss protection will force us to the sidelines one stock at a time. Currently, our risk model remains on a buy however; it is teetering on an intermediate-term sell. Short-term caution is our stance de jour.

-Mark Minervini

Scotiabank motives aside (selling products) that seems like a pretty high number almost 4 in 10 Canadians will retire but work in retirement to make ends meet.

The study goes on to state:

56% of Canadians think they will need less than $1 million to fund their retirement, half of those believe they will need less than $300,000 to retire on.
28% of Canadians think they will need between $1 to 2 million to retire on.
16% believe they will need more than $2 million to retire on.

 Financial necessity is a pretty vague term but I hope this doesnt include travelling for a few months each year, playing golf every day, going back to school or buying a house on the ocean like some retirees plan to do. None of these come cheap.

I wonder if they work at a Bell call centre in Toronto?

Whats your magic number? Do you have one?

Cheers,
Financial Cents/My Own Advisor

Unlike a Larry King interview, I wanted my chat with Derek Foster to be real, not staged.   Sorry Larry.

I’d like to say Derek shared many personal experiences with me over the phone a few weeks back but I’m not that naive.  Derek has shared his investment experiences (and some failures too) in many National Bestselling Books:

• Stop Working: Here’s How You Can!
• The Lazy Investor: Start with $50 and no Investment Knowledge
• Money for Nothing: And You Stocks for FREE
• Stop Working Too: You Still Can!  AND
• *The Idoit Millionaire (*Latest book, Fall 2010)

However, I think you’ll find a few nuggets from Derek that his books don’t cover by reading Part 2 below.  Even CTV missed some of the goodies I was able to get from Derek.  Now that I’ve got you curious about this TV interview, a link will follow.  Onto Part 2; more from Derek Foster, millionaire dividend investor and early retiree from the rat race…

* * * * * * * * *
My Own Advisor: Thanks again for the interview Derek.  It’s great to finally chat with you.  Ready for the long list of questions?

Derek:   Ready Mark.

My Own Advisor:  We talked before about your investment strategy, you’re still a dividend investor.  I’m curious to know what your portfolio allocation looks like?  I mean, do you have any bond component?

Derek:  Im 100% stocks, both Canadian and U.S. dividend-paying stocks. I have no bond component. Not that I think bonds are bad, simply, Im a forty year old Derek Foster and I dont see why I need bonds right now with my multiple income sources. The empirical evidence is overwhelming about how stocks beat bonds over the long-run, Im talking 20 or 30 years. Im working on growing my dividend portfolio over the next 30-some years so this is why I dont personally follow any conventional bond allocation protocol. Ask the seventy-five year old Derek Foster and hell probably give you a different answer about his bond allocation. Im just not there yet.

My Own Advisor:  Whats your take on index investing?

Derek:  I think index investing is very safe way to go. The problem I have with index investing personally (and maybe you can help me on this since I read your blog, you own some ETFs dont you?) is the cap weighting associated with some index funds or index ETFs. At one time, Nortel and JDS made up something like 30% or more of the TSX, thats major over-representation if you ask me.

My Own Advisor Yes, but you can invest in index funds or an index ETF like XIC whereby each constituent of the fund is capped at 10%, avoiding the overemphasis.

Derek – True, I know about those products but you are still overweighted in the hot sectors. But let me ask you this. Do you think your dividend-payers with your dividends reinvested, compounding over time, dividend increases plus stock price growth, stock splits, etc. will do better in the long-run than those capped index products or worse?

My Own Advisor I think my index ETFs will never hit the proverbial home run but I also know Im always going get market returns, on the equity side of between five to seven percent over time. Thats good. If my dividends get reinvested, dividends increase over time and I hold my dividend-paying stocks long enough I should get at least that. Thats provided I own the right companies though.

Derek – Thats precisely my point. Investors can. Not to discredit index investing, I think its a good strategy. I think its good for those who dont have or want to take any time to analyze stocks, but I like my strategy. Its worked out pretty well for me so far.

My Own Advisor:  Tell me your top three all-time favourite investing or personal finance books.

Derek:  Good question, wow, there are so many. Can I tell you my three favourite authors?

OK, well I love the Peter Lynch ones, his One Up on Wall Street and Beating the Street two of my all-time favourites and he pretty much covers everything in those books.

I also really liked The Future for Investors by Jeremy Siegel (who also wrote Stocks for the Long Run). I mean he says so many great things that just make sense and he backs it up with loads of empirical data. Have you read it?

My Own Advisor Uh, no.

Derek You should. I think its a must.  I guess the last one would be The Warren Buffet Way. What else can I say? Hes the greatest investor of them all.

My Own Advisor:  Have you learned more about investing from your successes or failures and why?

Derek:  Thats a good question.  For me, failures because I think I question myself so much more. As an investor you can take failure as an opportunity to reflect on what didnt work and what could be better next time. I think sometimes many investors are blinded by their success because they fail to recognize the degree that luck was involved with their result. That mindset can have painful consequences.

1. $20 Gold Pieces for Your Heirs
This is one I heard from a coin dealer, so be very skeptical about this and definitely run it by your accountant. The technique is to buy a bunch of rare $20 Gold Pieces which you will eventually leave to your heirs. When I say rare, I mean $100,000 or $200,000 for a coin. When you pass away, because the coins are still considered currency, they will only be valued at $20 each for estate tax purposes (according to this coin dealer). The coin dealer has other suggestions with these coins (i.e. being paid with them to reduce capital gains, etc.), but I’m even more skeptical about that. (Do you think the coin dealer has a hidden motive by saying this?) Like I said, ask your CPA or tax attorney.

2. Anonymous Donations to Charity
If you have ever wanted to make a totally anonymous donation to a charity (and there are several reasons you may want to) but still want to be able to take a tax deduction, here is what you can do. Go to your local post office and buy some Postal Money Orders. You are allowed up to $1000 per money order. Don’t request more than three at once, otherwise the Post Office will request identification from you. On the money orders, write the name of the charity where it says “Pay to” along with the charity’s address, but leave the part where it says “From” blank. However, on the receipt, which you will keep with your tax records, you can fill in your name as the sender. As for the original, send it in to the charitable organization in a plain envelope and no one will be able to trace it back to you.

3. Worthless Stocks
According to the IRS, “a taxpayer who owns stock that was acquired on the open market for investment and that has declined in value is allowed a deduction for a capital loss in the taxable year in which the stock is sold or exchanged or becomes wholly worthless.” But the big question is “When do they become worthless?” Worthless is kind of a nebulous word. Just because a company declares bankruptcy, doesn’t necessarily mean that the stock stops trading. And I’ve seen several stocks stop trading for a year or two then start up again. If you have the stock in the form of a certificate, there are companies that will buy your old certificates as collectibles. It may not be much, maybe only a dollar, unless the company is in an unusual industry or has an interesting picture on it. The sale might be considered a transaction for capital loss purposes, but you need to ask your advisor.

Please note, if a public company committed accounting fraud (e.g Enron), you cannot deduct the loss as a theft loss. The IRS states that they will disallow such deductions and may impose penalties.

4. Short Selling
If you are a short seller, and you short a lot of stocks that pay dividends, remember that technically you owe and pay the dividends to the owner of the shares that you shorted. Since this is an investment expense, make sure your accountant takes this into consideration.

5. Municipal Bonds from US Territories
For the owners of a diverse portfolio of municipal bonds who live in states with income taxes, remember that if you have any munis from Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or Guam, the income is exempt from state income taxes. On the Tax Statement Form from brokerage firms, generally all income from municipal bonds are lumped together in the same section. If you live in California, and you own munis from New York, California, Puerto Rico, and Texas, the interest on the California and Puerto Rico bonds are exempt. Occasionally, staff workers at accounting firms may carve out (in this case) just the California interest, and lump all the other interest together, including the Puerto Rico interest, as taxable California income. Of course, it’s always a good idea to check your entire return before you sign it.

You will of course see a lot of other tax saving tip articles this week. A couple things to keep in mind. Many income and deduction adjustments can trigger the AMT. Also, if you expect your income to be much higher next year, take a longer term approach to planning your deductions. As previously mentioned, check any tax techniques, the ones above and any others that you read about, with your tax advisor.

By Stockerblog.com

Guest Article

Overview of bond trading

In the financial and investment market, bonds refer to a type of debt security whereby the issuer of the bond owes the purchaser a debt. Depending on the specific terms of the bond, the issuer is obligated to paying the purchaser interest and/or repays the total principle to the purchaser at a later date. This date is referred to as the maturity day. It is a formal financial contract the borrowed money is repaid with interest included and paid at fixed intervals throughout the life of that contract.

There are numerous types of bonds such as bearer bonds, fixed-rate, and many others. However one of the most common and popular are the municipal bonds which are typically issued by different government agencies such as a city or local governments, state governments, or US territories. The interest that the purchaser of the bond receives is normally exempt from federal and state income taxes.

Overview of stock trading

Even though stock trading is a common terminology, it is actually a misnomer because you really dont trade shares of stock. You purchase them for the purposes of selling them at a profit. In the language of the financial and investment markets, you purchase and sell shares of stock either on the floor of one of the different stock exchanges or online. Additionally, the individual who purchases and sells shares of stocks is referred to as a stock trader.

Advantages and disadvantages bond trading

As with any type of financial and investment instrument, there are certain advantages and disadvantages to trading bonds. Although they tend to be much less aggressive than shares of stocks typically are, they usually provide the investor with a steady income stream. Over the long-term, this means that their performance might be poorer than what you would experience with stocks. Additionally, and like other investments, there are certain risks involved with bond investing.

The two primary advantages are those involving income and ratings. The income advantage is the fact that they are a safer investment than stocks while the rating advantage is a system that enables the investor to gauge a bonds reliability. The key disadvantages involve risk and security. The former is associated with the fact that you cant always trust those systems that rate bonds. The security disadvantage refers to the fact that the bond is only as good as what the borrowers ability to repay the loan is.

Advantages and disadvantages of stock trading

As with trading in the bond market there are certain advantages and disadvantages where stock trading is concerned that you need to be aware of:

The key advantages are:

o better returns on ones investment
o familiarity with the larger companies
o wide range of investment choices

The key disadvantages include:

o cost of shares
o leverage is typically lower than other forms of investments such as the FOREX market
o uptick rules regarding short selling meaning that you have to wait for the price of the stock to increase before you can short sell it

This interview was originally published on December 17, 2010 at thekirkreport.com

Charles Kirk: It is with tremendous pleasure that I offer my last interview of 2010 with Mark Minervini.

As with many traders I interview, Mark requires no introduction as he is one of the most highly-respected independent traders of our generation. His blog in recent years has instantly become one of the must reads out there as he often shares market commentary and analysis which shows why the respect so many have for Mark is so well-deserved.

Moreover, his experience and past history of savvy market calls is legendary. It is with little doubt that we can all learn a lot from him! We hope you enjoy and find this focus interview helpful in your own journey toward more success in the markets.

Kirk: Hi, Mark. First of all, thank you for taking the time to answer our questions. I speak for many members who have a great deal of respect for you and we sincerely welcome you to this interview series.

Mark Minervini: You do a great job, Charles, and Im honored to be a part of it.

Kirk: Please tell us a little bit about how you got interested and started in trading.

Mark Minervini: I dropped out of school in the eighth grade in pursuit of a career as a drummer. From the money I made working as musician, I bought my first stock in 1983, which was a few hundred shares of Allis Chalmer. Shortly after, I read Richard Loves book, Superperformance Stocks: An Investment Strategy for the Individual Investor Based on the 4-Year Political Cycle. Everything Ive created with regard to my trading approach since stems from Loves initial impression on me, specifically from his writings in chapter 7.

Kirk: What was one of the most important lessons you learned early on?

Mark Minervini: That no one was going to do it for me; no one was going to make me rich except me. I learned that you must take responsibility for your results in the market and in life if you want to be exceptional. Secondly, I learned that in order to do well in the market you must be consistent; consistency is what separates the pro form the amateur. In order to have consistent success, risk must be managed in relation to potential reward as standard operating procedure. Youre not going to make just one trade, rather hundreds or even thousands of trades; its all about how much you make on average versus how much you lose on average over time. Lastly, I realized that I simply had to get to the bottom of what actually worked in the marketplace and ignore all the opinions and theories.

Kirk: Was there anyone out there who helped you greatly during your initial learning curve? If so, what did you learn most from them?

Mark Minervini: My Mother and my Father. I learned it was ok to do what I love; to go after my dream. I also learned it was ok to be unconventional. I was given the room to be creative. My parents trusted me. I always knew I was supported emotionally. Financially, we were poor but my parents supported my dreams.

Kirk: Indeed, it is so important to have a strong support structure in place. In a nutshell how do you currently approach the market and what is your primary trading strategy?

Mark Minervini: I approach the market from a risk first approach. My trading strategy is called Specific Entry Point Analysis or SEPA. We look to enter trades at low risk entry points relative to potential reward. Primary focus is not to lose money. Secondary focus is not to lose money. And, the final focus is to make more on average than I lose.

Kirk: You remind me of Buffett who said he had only two rules: 1) Never lose money and 2) see rule number 1! What do you see as the primary benefits from employing a strategy that focuses on both fundamentals and technicals?

Mark Minervini: The benefits are having all the pertinent information that is consistent with big winning stocks. We know what to look for both fundamentally and technically. I have seen stocks bought on pure technicals and the guy buying the stock doesnt even know that there was a cash offer or a proposed merger right at the price he paid. Refusing to look at fundamentals or any information that gives you an edge is usually because the individual just doesnt know how to use the info, or has some bias based on personal opinion or tradition.

Kirk: Why is this kind of trading best for you and, more importantly, why do you think it works so well?

Mark Minervini: My strategy works well because its my strategy. I know the strengths and, more importantly, the weaknesses of what it is I do. It also works well because I allow it to work and stick with it even when it runs into difficult times. Nothing works well if you keep changing your approach. To be a master you must be a specialist, not a jack of all trades.

Kirk: What do you trade mostly? Equities, options, futures, ETFs, currencies, etc.?

Mark Minervini: Only equities.

Kirk: In an average week how many trades do you make? What is your average hold time and how many positions do you have open at any given time?

Mark Minervini: During an average year I may make 400-500 trades. About half of that turnover is a result of taking small losses, which Im out of pretty quickly.

Kirk: What would you say are your primary strengths and weaknesses as a trader?

Mark Minervini: Discipline is my primary strength. And the willingness to admit when Im wrong and move on. My weakness is I usually sell early and often leave money on the table. But I dont really view that as a weakness, just something that could be improved upon. When you move in size you have to get out when the getting is good.

Kirk: In my experience it is often better to sell too early than too late Mark! How have you learned to mitigate your weaknesses and focus more on your strengths?

Mark Minervini: By not focusing too much on my strengths. If youre good at buying and bad at selling I would focus on selling; if you improve your selling you will have a complete game. Focus on making your weaknesses strengths and then you will have no weaknesses. Exploit your strengths and improve your weaknesses.

Kirk: What have been some of the most challenging lessons you have learned?

Mark Minervini: That you cant be everything. You must commit to a strategy and sacrifice other strategies. The problem with the market is its like playing poker however; you always get to see the next cards even though the hand is over. You always see what would have happened. This is very difficult to deal with for many people. To be successful, you have to understand that trading is NOT about picking highs and lows, its about making money.

Kirk: Very good. What are some of the key rules that you consider before selecting any potential trading opportunity?

Mark Minervini: How much am I risking is the very first concern. Also, does the stock meet all the necessary criteria? If the risk is acceptable and all the entry criteria are met, I enter the trade.

Kirk: What would you say is your average win: loss ratio for your trades?

Mark Minervini: I average 2 to 1.

Kirk: How has your overall performance been recently, as well as over the past few years?

Mark Minervini: Its been about the same as always. Im a consistent 2:1 trader.

Kirk: What would you say are your favorite kinds of technical and fundamental set-ups?

Mark Minervini: The ideal set-up is a stock emerging from a constructive consolidation with strong accelerating earnings and sales.

Kirk: Can you give us a recent example of a set-up you found to be very attractive and worked well in this market?

Mark Minervini: CML. Bought it on 11/24. Sold it on 12/7 for a quick profit.

Kirk: Have you noticed any trading set-ups more prone to failure than they have been in the past?

Mark Minervini: No. Not much has changed. Contrary to what many believe, its not different this time. LOL

Kirk: To help us understand your trading approach, can you talk about a recent successful trade from start to finish?

Mark Minervini: LULU. Supported by excellent fundamentals, the stock emerged from a double bottom pattern that formed from 4/15 11/04. I bought the stock on 11/05 the day the market topped just before a pullback of about 5% in the major averages. The stock was held through that market pullback because it acted normal and held above our stop. This gave me the conviction to add to the position as it emerged through its next buy point in November. I sold the stock (most likely too early) on 12/09 when they reported earnings up about +50% from the initial purchase from about a month earlier.

Kirk: Now please tell us about a recent unsuccessful trade.

Mark Minervini: Shorted GMCR; shorted the rally in October and November after the big break on SEC news. Stock rallied and stopped us out

Kirk: One of the things I most appreciate about you is how much you stress proper risk management. If we can, lets talk a little bit about position sizing. Can you provide an example of a recent trade and explain your method for determining the size relative to your own trading portfolio?

Mark Minervini: I want to own as much as I can but generally no more than 25% of my portfolio (as liquidity permits). You are not going to make huge returns being too diversified. However, I only risk what I can get out of safely based on liquidity.

Kirk: Thats interesting. I think many would be surprised at the idea of having any position anywhere near 25% of an entire portfolio. Besides over diversification and liquidity concerns, what common mistakes do you think many traders make concerning position sizing?

Mark Minervini: They dont know what an optimal position size should be based on their own risk/reward and risk tolerance. For instance, if youre a 2:1 trader, your optimal position size is 25%.

Kirk: Ok. I think I understand what you mean, but please explain this position sizing formula more in detail so others can perhaps apply it in their own trading. Can you offer another example?

Mark Minervini: Ok. First, its important to understand that you are not going to achieve huge returns consistently being overly diversified or by relying on diversification for protection. You will only get a smoothing effect. When you own a bunch of stocks you end up with two problems: the first being that you just cant watch and know all you need to know about each of them. The second problem is that you will have a difficult time getting fully invested quickly when opportunity presents itself and more importantly, getting liquid if you need to raise cash in a hurry. In addition, the math just doesnt support it. Depending on the size and risk tolerance of your portfolio you should typically have between 4 or 8 stocks and for large portfolios maybe up to as many as 10 or 12 stocks. This would provide sufficient diversification but not too much. The Optimal-f formula can act as a starting place for you to understand optimal position sizing based on expectation. If Ken Heebner of CGM Funds can move around billions of dollars in just twenty names and still manage to beat the market, then a personal portfolio can surely manage sufficiently with 4-5 or 10-12 stocks. If you lose 5-6% on average and even if your position size is at 25% exposure, youre still only be risking about 1.25% of your capital per trade. Of course, if you dont have an edge, then you will lose no matter what your position sizing is.

Kirk: Good, thats helpful. So, do you use and set stops, Mark? If so, whats your stop loss method?

Mark Minervini: I always know where Im going to get out of a trade before I get in. I aim to lose no more than 5-6% on average over time on my losers.

Kirk: Do you ever average down into a losing trade?

Mark Minervini: Theres a reason Paul Tudor Jones had a sign posted on his wall that read Losers average losers, and that reason is because its true. I almost always only add to a position if it proves itself and then I may add to my position at a higher price, not lower.

Kirk: Do you scale up and into winning positions? If so, how do you know when to increase a position size relative to your overall portfolio?

Mark Minervini: Yes. I generally move money into the better performing names at subsequent pivot points or set-ups.

Kirk: All good traders dedicate a lot of time and effort to improvement and reducing mistakes. How has your trading method evolved and improved over the years?

Mark Minervini: It just becomes more and more crystallized because I continue to focus on the same timeless principles, which allows me to become more and more of a specialist. The power of a narrow focus is amazing. The key is to be a real pro at something. Know all you can about a style or a tactic. Then you can build on that foundation. Traders give up too easily and jump around too much when things get difficult. How good do you think Kobe Bryant would be if while he was developing his skills growing up every time he had a really tough game he changed to a different sport or played a different position?

Kirk: I couldnt agree with you more Mark. I see this problem among many. Can you provide an example of something you thought was true when trading early in your career and now believe is just completely wrong?

Mark Minervini: Yeah, everything. But I learned very quickly sound principles. It just took me many years to master the application.

Kirk: Why do you think most traders fail?

Mark Minervini: Here are 6 reasons:

1. Poor selection criteria; usually based on personal opinion, theory or tips and bad advice
2. They dont stick to and commit to an approach; style drift
3. Dont cut losses (#1 mistake made by virtually all investors)
4. Dont know the truth about their trading they fail to conduct in-depth post analysis
5. Treat trading as a hobby not a business
6. Want too much too fast; learning a skill takes time

Kirk: Please describe a typical trading day for you. How do you organize and dedicate your time?

Mark Minervini: Most of my work is done the night before. I already know what Im going to trade before the open. I watch the market all day long, never leaving my desk for more than a few minutes during trading hours.

Kirk: How much time and attention do you pay to others opinions about the market and/or stocks you are trading?

Mark Minervini: Zero. I avoid outside opinions like the plague!

Kirk: Are there any tricks of the trade that you use to help maintain a consistent successful approach over a long period of time?

Mark Minervini: Yeah, long hours, hard work, a sound approach and discipline. There are no tricks or big secrets. Again, is there a secret to having a good basketball shot? It starts with a good coach, proper practice, plenty of hard work, discipline and sacrifice.

Kirk: Amen. However, most traders I know have a set of rules that they have learned from past mistakes. What are a few of yours that you think most traders would benefit from?

Mark Minervini: Hard work alone wont cut if you dont have a sound approach and if youre not doing the right things. You must be facing west if youre looking for a sun set. Approach each trade from risk first; ask how much can I lose. Dont risk more than you can expect to gain on average. Know the truth about your trading; study your results carefully. Never average down. Always cut your losses; keep your losses small. These are fundamental rules that should never be compromised.

Kirk: I suspect like all good traders you are working on improving your performance in some manner. Can you share what youre specifically working on right now?

Mark Minervini: Sticking to the rules. Always making sure we stick to the rules. We have a great approach, I dont like to get to tricky and over complicate something that requires a straight forward approach.

Kirk: Youve been trading for some time now. What would you say are the biggest changes in the markets and trading in general youve seen during your career, both good and bad?

Mark Minervini: The order handling rule change in 1997 has changed the way stocks move short-term because Market Makers dont really keep inventory anymore. Its a topic that would require a lengthy discussion; maybe we could talk about it another time. Other than that, not much has changed except more information moves faster than before.

Kirk: What advice would you give a person just now beginning to trade the markets?

Mark Minervini: Find a good mentor. Commit to a strategy. Cut your losses. Tune out the media. Take full responsibility for your results.
Kirk: What do you think are the greatest misconceptions beginning traders have about trading the markets and about trading systems?

Mark Minervini: Way too many to mention. Just about everything a beginner thinks is a misconception.

Kirk: A number of people who read my website desire to trade for a living and I receive a lot of questions concerning capital requirements needed to start and how to make the transition to trade full-time. Do you have any words of wisdom or rules of thumb to share along these lines?

Mark Minervini: I started with a very small sum of money and turned it into a fortune. Capital is not the challenge. Mastering yourself is the challenge. Discipline is the challenge. Persistence is the challenge.

Kirk: Do you think trading for a living is getting more difficult or easier for the average individual investor? Why?

Mark Minervini: Much easier. Tools for pros and amateurs are virtually identical. The pro has no edge. The individual has the advantage. No real liquidity concerns for the small trader versus the big fund manager. Its a fantastic time to be a stock trader!

Kirk: When all is said and done, in your experience, what is the best way to learn how to trade?

Mark Minervini: Trade. As Ralph Waldo Emerson said: Do the thing and you shall have the power. And then conduct post analysis. Learn to be objective. You could try and find a mentor. However, the chances of getting great advice are slim at best. Trading is just like any other profession, there are only a handful of really outstanding practitioners.

Kirk: Do you have any books, websites, etc. that you highly recommend beyond your own website?

Mark Minervini: The Kirk Report. Why is there anything else? LOL!!!

Kirk: You are too kind Mark. Although I know both of us share a love for the markets and trading, what are your long-term career plans and future for your website?

Mark Minervini: I honestly dont know for sure. My long-term plans are too stay healthy and be a good father to my daughter. This past year I started a pilot training program. Also, we now offer my research to the individual investor not just exclusively to the institution anymore. It feels good to help others achieve their goals. I think I may continue to develop that. Why hog all the good trades for myself? LOL!

Kirk: What are some of your personal passions beyond the market?

Mark Minervini: Ive been a drummer since I was 6 years old and I continue to play. I play tennis, train boxing and lift weights to stay in shape, and I play an occasional round of golf.

Kirk: Finally, if you had only one piece of advice to share with all traders, what would it be?

Mark Minervini: Believe in yourself and never give up. Persistence is more important than knowledge. Make an unconditional commitment to trading and you will not fail.

Kirk: Thank you so much Mark. I really enjoyed this interview and Im sure others will find it helpful.

Before I acknowledge all the great articles Ive read over the last week or so, I want wish my readers a very Merry Christmas and Happy Holidays!



2010 was a great year for my wife and I and we have lots to be thankful for. I guess like many folks at this time of year, I find myself being very reflective, which is a good thing in my opinion. Over the last 12 months, I started this blog, met some respected bloggers in the Ottawa area like Canadian Capitalist, Big Cajun Man, Michael James and Larry MacDonald, got married and had an amazing honeymoon, travelled to foreign countries, saw my sister-in-law beat cancer, bought and moved into a new house and watched some of our close friends start families with happy, healthy children. It has been a very rewarding year.

My guess is as good as yours what will happen in 2011 but I must say Im looking forward to what that might be


Over the next couple of weeks, chances are youll see some random posts. I do hope to post Part 2 of my interview with Derek Foster before the calendar turns to January but other than that, no promises. Im going to take some time to unwind, settle into the new place, catch up with family and friends and simply enjoy the holidays.  The red wine is calling now…


Whatever your plans are this holiday season, I hope they keep you safe, happy and healthy. I look forward to sharing more of my financial independence journey with you in 2011.  I think it’s going to be a great year!

Merry Christmas!
Mark

Here are just a few of the excellent articles I read this week.

Tatro has the experience and the track record to write this book and has become extremely successful as a trader. The book features many real life trading examples along with all the related charts. He talks about the three different methodologies for trading: anticipatory, reactionary, and delayed reactionary, and how to determine which is the best strategy for you (you can make money with any of the three strategies). Included is a chapter on how and where to set stop orders, and most important, another chapter on when to take profits. Lots of information is provided on technical trading and trend lines. Of course, to complete the book, a couple of chapters on the psychology of trading.

I have already put a couple of his trading techniques to work, very successfully I might add. I very highly recommend Trade the Trader.

If you’ve been following my blog, you might recall a few months ago I called out to Derek Foster, wondering what Canadas Youngest Retiree has been up to.

Back in September, Derek was a busy guy.  I found out he completed an interview with MoneyTalk host Patricia Lovett-Reid, he was preparing for a speaking engagement in Toronto at Canadian MoneySaver’s Investment Conference, he was putting the finishing touches on his new book and as always, he was helping raise his five kids.  I don’t know about you but that seems more like a year’s worth of work, let alone one month.

For those of you who don’t know who Derek Foster is, here’s a quick bio (photo courtesy of his website):

• Derek was born in Ottawa in 1970.
• Derek was able to become a millionaire and leave the proverbial rat race at the age of 34 by using various investing strategies, many he believes any investor can emulate.
• Derek, ”Canada’s youngest retiree” is a well-known Canadian author and has shared his personal investment experiences and strategies in his National Bestselling Books:
• Stop Working:  Here’s How You Can!
• The Lazy Investor: Start with $50 and no Investment Knowledge
• Money for Nothing: And You Stocks for FREE
• Stop Working Too:  You Still Can!
• *The Idoit Millionaire (*Latest book, Fall 2010)
• When not writing books or giving speaking engagements, Derek spends time with his wife and five children in Ottawa (in my old neighbourhood no less).

For a couple of years now, maybe like some of you, I’ve been both entrigued and somewhat skeptical of Derek’s investment journey.  I’ve read a few of his books (Stop Working:  Here’s How You Can! and The Lazy Investor) and to be honest I’ve been more inspired than skeptical of his success.  Sure, he may have had some great timing on his side and some risker investments paid off, but sometimes you make your own luck as well.  I know others don’t feel the same and have written so.  That’s fine because everyone is entitled to their own opinion. 

Overall, I’m happy for Derek because he had a dream, saw it fulfilled and then some.  Investment timing, luck, skill or otherwise, he’s a fortunate guy. 

I’m glad I got the chance to chat with Derek for almost a couple of hours a few weeks back.  Here’s what he had to say in Part 1 of My Own Advisor interview.  I hope you enjoy the read.

*     *     *     *     *     *     *     *     *

My Own Advisor:  Thanks again for the interview Derek. It’s a busy time of year for everyone and I’m glad you got back in touch with me. It’s great to finally chat with you – enough email already!

Well, onto my questions.  Ready?

Derek:  Fire away Mark.

My Own Advisor:  Youve just released the latest book in your Stop Working series entitled The Idiot Millionaire: You Can Become Wealthy! What inspired you to write this book?


Derek:  To be honest, it was largely because of the 2008-2009 economic downturn. Because my personal situation had changed since I originally left the rat race at 34, (I was earning an income from other sources such as book sales, etc), I wanted to switch my portfolio to higher growing dividend-payers as this would save me tax and generate better returns over the long-term. BUT I wasnt as smart as I thought I was; hoping to sell my stocks at one price and trying to get back in at a lower price. In some cases, it worked. I bought businesses like JNJ, Shoppers Drug Mart and Phillip Morris at reasonable prices. For other businesses, it didnt work. For example, I waited too long for Canadian bank stocks. I missed the bottom and their subsequent run ups in price. Admittedly I missed that boat. I would buy some if prices to crept lower. I guess the title of my book really applies to me, kind of tongue-in-cheek.


My Own Advisor:  What makes this book unique in your Stop Working series?

Derek:  More so than any of my previous books, this one discusses a companys competitive advantage. I describe what I mean by this and how investors would do well to invest in those companies that have it and it also offers a list of those companies.


There are many companies out there that are worth owning, companies that pay dividends but they do not have any economic moat around them. This is important because ideally you want to buy companies that not only pay dividends, but that increase their dividends over time and also have great growth opportunities because of their advantaged products and services. My new book includes a pretty good list of these companies in Canada and the U.S. In the U.S. for example, Coca-Cola quickly comes to mind. In Canada, Enbridge.

My Own Advisor:  Switching gears a bit, tell me about your investment strategy. Still a dividend investor?


Derek:  Absolutely, but my approach or maybe should I say my focus has changed. Before I was more focused on higher yields for income generation, maybe slower-growing stuff but now my needs have changed. I mean the books generate income which was an unexpected surprise (because being an author or a writer is not usually the path to riches). Really though, Im fortunate to have some other income streams with no debt and so things are different for me at 40 than 34 when I wrote Stop Working (Heres How You Can Too!). Geez, that was six years ago. Im now more focused on companies that have their moats and good long-term growth prospects. I try to explain that in plain language in the new book.


Also, the reality is many folks dont retire from the workforce at 34, or even 40 or 50. They are working their way towards retirement bit by bit and hopefully this book will provide them with a more complete list of companies to help them out.

My Own Advisor:  A short time ago, when the market was falling (in 2008-2009) you sold all your dividend payers. I read a few articles about that. You took some heat. Can you walk us through that decision?

Derek:  I was an idiot but at that time, I sold my shares in early February 2009, I thought I could get back in later and at cheaper prices. Turns out I did and I didnt as I told you before. I managed to buy a lot of stocks much more cheaply but a large part of this was luck. I benefitted from put-option premiums and the incredible strength of the Canadian dollar. After I sold my stocks, I remember humming and hawing for a couple of weeks – should I say anything to the media? The books encouraged folks to do the opposite; buy and hold dividend-payers for income. I didnt want to be hypocritical but I can see why some people were a little put off, you know what I mean? In the end, my approach did save me money and I came out ahead but not on everything; I missed the boat on those Canadian bank stocks and some other companies I would like to own.


The book (The Idiot Millionaire) actually includes some of this stuff and Ive got some details in there about my prices when I got back in.


My Own Advisor:  Made any recent purchases?


Derek – Yeah, I bought Strayer Inc (a for-profit university) at a pretty reasonable price. It just made sense with our Canadian dollar being so high and the recent stock price weakness due to pending potential changes to loans for students. Im very comfortable with this holding but I realize there are potential risks. The stock price had dropped from over $250 earlier this year to under $140 where I bought it. This is even cheaper than at the March 2009 low of $159 and the Canadian dollar is much stronger now, so the stock price is actually 30% below the March 2009 bear market low (in Canadian dollar terms).


My Own Advisor:  Something more fun now. Whats on your Christmas list for 2010?


Derek:  Well with five kids in house, Christmas is really for them, not me. Ive never been one to covet stuff, Im not materialistic. I finally got a GPS this summer for our trip out West and Ive got a laptop computer. During our trip, once the kids were in bed and all the chatter had stopped for the day, I pulled out my laptop and wrote a couple of pages (for the new book). Honestly, Im a cheap guy. If a burglar came to my house, he would quickly leave in disgust as my material possessions are not really worth stealing (except perhaps for my Sienna minivan). When I look at stuff, I always ask myself, is this really going to add any value to my life? If the answer is no, I dont buy it. I guess nothing Mark. I dont even own a cell phone. I guess I dont consider myself important enough to need one.


I had to laugh at this last response. I mean, with five kids, how can Christmas NOT be all about them?
 
It was great to chat with Derek.  He’s a bright and funny guy.  Foster’s fast track to early retirement through  savings and diligent investing in Canadian and U.S. dividend paying stocks may not appeal to everyone but I think it’s inspirational.  In the end, we’re all trying to achieve financial freedom and regardless if you’re a fan or a critic, learning something from Derek Foster can and should be done.  That doesn’t mean you need to follow his path or emulate what he did.  Knowledge is always different than the application, but learning what works and what doesn’t for you is important.  I’m trying to build my investment knowledge and application all the time because in my opinion, continuous improvement is critical to success. 
 
In Part 2 of my interview, you’ll hear more from Derek about his portfolio allocation and his stock market predictions for 2011.  Stay tuned for that blogpost after Christmas. 
 
I hope you enjoyed Part 1 and as always, I look forward to any comments!
 
Cheers,
Financial Cents